The foundations for the town of Kota were laid in 1264AD after the local Bhil tribal chief was defeated and beheaded by a faction of the Chauhanas. However, nothing much occurred for another four hundred years. The actual building of Kota began only in 1624 when it broke away from the imposing Bundi. Madho Singh, the new ruler, realised that he couldn’t really live in a village surrounded by forests, so he got down to building a township which would suit his royal needs.

Kota has a fiercely rich history steeped in war. Bloody battles were fought here by Rajput clans and the Mughal empire for control of Bundi and Ajmer. Rao Madho Singh, Kota’s ruler, was engaged by the ageing Shah Jahan to fight his son Aurangzeb, who eventually did take the Delhi throne anyway. Unlike the fortified Bundi, the rulers of Kota had to face intrusions from Mughals from the east, the rulers of Jaipur and Mewar from the north, the Marathas from the south as well as from their own clans.

These many and frequent battles paved the way for another kind of war – that of diplomacy, at which Kota rulers excelled. One of them was Zalim Singh, a ruler by default who rose to power through his vision, diplomacy and cunningness when he was made regent for Kota while an infant king `ruled’. Zalim is said to have defied the laws of nature and planted trees of exotic fruits and flowers where not even grass would grow. He imported coconuts and palmyras from Malabar, apples from Afghanistan and oranges from north Bengal and laid out beautiful gardens.

Besides that, Kota’s most famous ruler also solicited the services of weavers from Kashmir to migrate to Kota and weave the fabulous Pashmina shawls, rivaling those that Kashmir produced. Zalim Singh claimed that when he ascended the throne three-fourths of Kota was barren and one-fourth was cultivable. Within a few years he had reversed the balance. Zalim Singh was no ordinary ruler, and his adaptability to circumstances and situations saw him grow into one of the most belligerent rulers Rajasthan has ever produced. He had tremendous foresight, and military tactics and diplomacy were his forté. He incorporated the use of European armour and weaponry, set a modern administrative system which introduced the taxation system and eventually formed an alliance with the British to see his ambitions come through.

Places of Attractions
Within Kota itself are a number of monuments and places to see such as the city palace built in the middle of the 17th century, the tiny island of the Jagmandir temples and the rather European Umed Bhawan. Then there’s the solar clock, perhaps the only one of its kind in the world which fired a cannon at a particular time of the day all on its own! Towards the southeast is the spectacular fort in Gagron, a fine example of jala durg which literally means `protected by water’.

Doria Saris
Doria saris can be found only in Kota, but the people who originally weaved them were not from here. In fact, a certain Kota ruler discovered them during one of his military campaigns in the south. Sometime in the 17th century the Rao was in Mysore with his army fighting wars and trying to increase his kingdom when he bumped into weavers of the doria cloth. This cotton and silk fabric intricately woven with colourful floral motifs caught his fancy, and he brought its makers to Kota. Interestingly, doria weaving has now died in Mysore and flourishes only in Kota. The finished fabric is also known as Kota Masuria (from the word Mysore) as a tribute to its original ancestry. Kota is also celebrated for its painted ceramics and black painted pottery, filigree work (thin strands of silver or gold wound around ornaments), calico (heavy cotton cloth) printing and lacer work on toys and inexpensive ornaments.